It had cave painting.
It had pottery and carving.
Sumerian began after city-states arose near confluence of Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
Egyptian Old Kingdom included Imhotep.
It started in early Bronze Age.
Akkadian began after King Sargon conquered south Sumer.
New Sumerian began after kings of Ur conquered Akkadians.
Egyptian Middle Kingdom included the 11th and 12th Dynasties.
It used color.
Babylonian began with King Hammurabi.
It had painted pottery.
Egyptian New Kingdom included the 18th, 19th, and 20th Dynasties and had various styles.
Chinese art began as cities formed.
Hittite art became different than in Sumer and Babylon.
It became different from Babylonian style.
Pre-Columbian art began as villages began.
Oldest Greek style {Geometric Style} flourished when cities started. Pottery and small statues had human and animal figures, as well as ornamental triangles, checks, and concentric circles.
Greek Archaic included Psiax and Douris.
Second-oldest Greek style {Orientalizing Style} had a proto-Attic group in Athens and a proto-Corinthian group in Corinth. Near East and Egypt influenced it. Vases and amphora used narrative decoration with expressive figures.
It was in Etruria in Tuscany.
New Babylonian began after Assyria lost to Medes and Scythians under Nebuchadnezzar.
Nabatean Arabs built in southwest Jordan.
It became different from Indian art.
Old Persian began after Cyrus the Great conquered Babylon.
Greek Classical began with rebuilding on the Acropolis, the sacred hill above Athens, and included Ictinus, Callicrates, Mnesicles, Polyclitus, Myron, and Phidias.
Late Greek Classical or Hellenistic included Bryaxis, Scopas, Praxiteles, and Lysippus.
It had engineering projects.
It had monumental buildings.
Early Christian and Byzantine art had few angels.
New Persian began after Shapur I defeated Romans.
Constantine Style used unrelated images. Figures were immobile and large-headed, and depth was shallow with little perspective.
Viking metal arts used orderly arrangements of ornamental designs and animal figures.
Byzantine began with Emperor Justinian and included Andrei Rublev.
Early Medieval art had Christian art, Celtic art, and Pre-Romanesque art.
Arabic Calligraphy included Ibn Muqla, Ibn al-Bawwab, Bihzad, Mir Ali, Sinan, Muhammadi, Sadiqi-Beg, Riza-i Abbasi, and Hafiz Osman. They used floriated and foliated embellishments in calligraphy.
It became different from Indian and Chinese art.
Borobudur in central Java had reliefs.
Medieval began with Charlemagne, whose capital was at Aachen.
Khmer art began [800].
Ottonian Renaissance began when Otto and Adelaide married [951].
Romanesque had romantic Cluniac style and classical Cistercian style and included Gislebertus, Benadetto Antelani, Revier of Huy, and Nicholas of Verdun.
English Late Gothic cathedrals had steeply curved vaults with ribs passing through clerestory {Perpendicular style}.
Gothic style began with Abbey Church of St. Denis rebuilding. St. Denis is patron saint of France. Abbey Church is French-king burial place. Gothic had Parisian and International styles and included Abbot Suger, Cimabue, Claus Sluter, Nicola Pisano, Giovanni Pisano, Lorenzo Ghiberti, Giotto, Duccio, Pietro Lorenzetti, and Limbourg Brothers. English architecture had English Early Gothic and English Late Gothic or Perpendicular style.
Painting in north Europe and Italy had soft, modeled quality, using light, shadow, and detail {Gothic International Style}. Gothic statues had fuller body forms and individualistic figures.
It began in Burma dry zone [-500] in early Bronze-Iron Age.
Early Renaissance began as Italy revived classical ideas, compared Greek city-states to Italian city-states, and learned about linear perspective from al-Hazen's book. Early Renaissance painting was first to project scenes onto surfaces as they appeared to painters, using sightlines. Early Renaissance was humanistic and individualistic art and included Florentine style. Early Renaissance included Brunelleschi, Masaccio, and Donatello.
Late Gothic included Master of Flemalle or Robert Campin, Jan van Eyck, and Martin Schongeuer.
Kings commissioned Buddhist art.
High Renaissance was subjective and individualistic, with more drama and emotion, and included Raphael, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci.
Northern Renaissance featured strong color, colored light, and soft bodies. It included Matthias Grunewald.
Late Renaissance presaged Baroque and included Tintoretto, El Greco, Vasari, and Coreggio.
Mannerism showed inner thoughts, rather than realism or classical values.
Northern Italian Realism included Veronese, Cellini, Bologna or Jean de Boulogne, and Palladio.
Baroque began in Rome, spread to Italy, went to Germany, and then got to France and England. Baroque painting, but not architecture nor sculpture, spread to Flanders, Holland, and Spain. Baroque is anti-classical, actively relates sculpture to setting, and features putti cherubs, concave and convex surfaces, and elastic forms.
Rococo featured flowery and colorful interior decoration.
Romanticism or Neoclassical Art revived Greek classical, Romanesque, and Gothic styles, to create intense emotional experience by removing present customs and social orders and returning to simpler, more natural time. It began with archeological discoveries of Greek antiquities and ruins at Pompeii and Herculaneum. Romanticism included Millet, Rousseau, Corot, and Daubigny. Romanticism included Barbizon School. Soufflot, Robert Adam, and Thomas Jefferson are Neoclassical.
Iron Architecture included Eiffel.
Barbizon School of landscape painting included Millet, Rousseau, Corot, and Daubigny.
Impressionism showed features of reality as experienced personally by artist. Manet was the first Impressionist.
It showed everyday situations.
Post-Impressionism included Cezanne, Gauguin, Soutime, and van Gogh.
Art Nouveau was a decorative style based on curve patterns and nature and included Beardsley in England and Gaudí in Spain. Hector Guimard [1867 to 1942] designed Paris Metro subway entrances [1898 to 1901], such as at Porte Dauphine station. Art Nouveau in Germany was Jugendstil or Youth Style. Art Nouveau in Austria was Sezessionstil or Secession Style. Gustav Klimt painted [1862 to 1918]. Josef Hoffmann built furniture. Siegfried Bing started La Maison de l'Art Nouveau in Paris [1896].
Belle Epoque was classical and traditional. Jewelry used diamonds, pearls, and platinum.
Edwardian depended on Georgian and was classical and traditional. Jewelry used diamonds, pearls, and platinum.
Expressionism expressed artist emotions toward world and human condition and included Matisse, Roualt, Soutime, and Die Brücke or Bridge School.
Fauvism included Kandinsky, Matisse, and Roualt.
Neo-plasticism or De Stijl Movement used non-objective abstraction to achieve pure reality through balance of non-symmetrical parts.
Primevalism returned to primitive forms, and sculptors included Brancusi and Moore.
Abstractionism was about art and reality form and structure.
Cubism used shaded wedges and open spaces.
Fantasism was irrational, spontaneous, and imaginative and included Chirico, Chagall, Klee, and Duchamp. Duchamp started Dadaism.
Futurism included Boccioni and Balla.
Art Deco depended on geometric forms, common materials, and function. Erté or Romain de Tirtoff [1892 to 1990] was from Russia.
It was symmetrical, balanced, and unornamented. Richard Neutra started International Style in America.
Surrealism expressed thought unbounded by reason, aesthetics, or morals and included Ernst, Dali, and Miro.
Moderne extended Art Deco and used cheaper objects and materials.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225